Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition that impacts a tiny but crucial part of the retina at the back of the eye, known as the macula. Approximately the size of a pinhead, the macula contains highly sensitive cells that enable sharp, detailed central vision.
In AMD, changes to the macula can cause central vision problems. Initially, tasks like reading may become difficult as text appears distorted. Over time, a blank or dark spot may develop in the centre of your vision, making everyday activities more challenging.
You may begin to notice that your vision is not as sharp as it once was. Reading smaller print, even with the help of reading glasses, might become challenging. Some individuals also report that straight lines appear distorted or wavy.
Dry AMD is the most common form, progressing gradually over time. It can take several years to reach its advanced stage, where it may cause a dark or blank spot in the central vision.
While most cases remain dry, a small percentage can develop into Wet AMD. Therefore, if you have Dry AMD, it’s essential to report any sudden changes in vision to your consultant or optometrist without delay.
Approximately 10-15% of people with AMD have the Wet form, which may have started as Dry AMD in some cases.
Wet AMD occurs when the cells in the macula begin to malfunction, prompting the growth of abnormal blood vessels (neo-vascularization) as the body attempts to repair the damage. Unfortunately, these new blood vessels leak fluid into the macula—hence the term ‘Wet’ AMD—causing damage and leading to scar tissue. This results in permanent blurring or distortion of central vision.
Since Wet AMD can develop rapidly, prompt assessment and treatment are critical to minimizing scar tissue formation and preserving vision as much as possible.
Similar to a routine eye examination, your eyes will be assessed under a specialized microscope, typically after dilating drops are applied to widen your pupils.
An OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) scan is often performed to measure and map the layers of the retina, providing the Edinburgh Eye Surgeon with detailed images and essential information for diagnosis and treatment planning.
In recent years, advancements in medications known as Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors) have provided an effective treatment for Wet AMD.
These medications work by blocking the chemical signals that stimulate the growth of abnormal blood vessels, helping to prevent further vision loss. Many patients not only experience a halt in vision deterioration but also notice improvements in their vision.
Anti-VEGF therapy involves injecting the medication directly into the vitreous, the gel-like substance in the centre of the eye, in a procedure performed under local anaesthetic.
Currently, there is no approved treatment for Dry AMD. However, ongoing research and clinical studies are exploring potential therapies, including dietary supplements and emerging drug treatments, to slow its progression.
Patients with Dry AMD are often advised to maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, take AREDS2 supplements (a specific combination of vitamins and minerals), and protect their eyes from UV light to support eye health and potentially delay disease progression.
You can self-fund, take advantage of our 0% finance package or use private medical insurance to pay for your treatment.
