Gallstones are small, stone-like deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile to help digest fats. Most gallstones do not cause symptoms, but if they block part of the biliary system, they can cause pain, inflammation, and other digestive problems. When gallstones cause symptoms or complications, this is known as gallstone disease (cholelithiasis).
When to Seek Medical Advice
Relevant Diagnostic Tests
Even though many people with gallstones never experience symptoms, if a gallstone blocks a bile duct, it can trigger episodes of pain and digestive symptoms. This is often described as a gallbladder attack or biliary colic (pain caused by a temporary blockage in a bile duct).
Common symptoms you may experience:
Other symptoms people also experience:
Gallstones form when bile becomes imbalanced, usually because it contains too much cholesterol. Over time, these excess particles can develop into stones within the gallbladder.
Lifestyle & Risk Factors
Factors linked to an increased risk of gallstones include:
Gallstone Disease (Cholelithiasis)
Cholelithiasis (the medical term for gallstones) occurs when stones form within the gallbladder and begin causing symptoms or complications.
Gallbladder Inflammation (Cholecystitis)
Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) usually occurs when a gallstone blocks the gallbladder’s main outlet. This can lead to persistent pain, fever, nausea and tenderness in the upper abdomen.
Less Common or More Serious Complications
Less commonly, gallstones may lead to:
Although many gallstones do not cause problems, recurring or persistent symptoms should not be ignored.
Red Flag Symptoms
It’s worth speaking to a healthcare professional if you experience:
When to Seek Urgent Care
It’s important to contact NHS 111, seek urgent medical advice, or attend emergency services if you experience:
The good news is that gallstones can usually be diagnosed quickly, and effective treatment options are available when symptoms occur.
Initial Consultation
During your appointment, your gastroenterologist may ask about:
Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
Ultrasound scan
An ultrasound scan (a painless imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of organs inside the body) is usually the first test used to look for gallstones and signs of gallbladder inflammation.
Blood tests
Blood tests can help check for signs of infection, inflammation, liver problems, or bile duct obstruction.
MRI or MRCP scan
An MRCP scan (a specialised MRI scan used to examine the bile ducts, gallbladder and pancreas) may be recommended if there is concern that a gallstone has moved into a bile duct.
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (a procedure that uses a flexible camera to identify and remove gallstones from the bile ducts) may be used when stones are causing a blockage.
If you’re looking for treatment for gallstones, the most appropriate option will depend on your symptoms, the location of the stones, and whether any complications have developed.
Self-Care & Lifestyle Changes
If gallstones are not causing significant symptoms, your specialist may recommend:
Medical & Prescription Treatments
Treatment may include:
It’s important to note that while medication can help manage symptoms, it does not usually remove gallstones.
Surgical & Specialist Interventions
The most effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones is often surgery.
Options may include:
These treatments can help prevent recurrent gallbladder attacks and reduce the risk of future complications.
Gallbladder pain can be unpredictable and disruptive, affecting everything from eating and sleeping to work and daily activities. At Clarity, our experienced specialists provide prompt access to diagnostic testing and personalised treatment plans to help you find answers and lasting relief.
Why Choose Us?
✅ Fast access to experienced specialist consultants
✅ Advanced diagnostic imaging and investigations
✅ Comprehensive assessment of gallstones and gallbladder problems
✅ Personalised treatment plans tailored to your symptoms
✅ Comfortable private facilities and ongoing support
As the first step in your private digestive health journey, Clarity Consult is an entirely FREE consultation.
This is designed to be a clear, consultant-led private pathway for patients experiencing digestive symptoms, with fast access, transparent costs and flexible appointments.
Keeping a record of your gallstone symptoms, dietary triggers, medications, and previous test results can help your consultant gain a clearer understanding of your condition.
No. Surgery is usually only recommended if gallstones are causing symptoms, recurring gallbladder attacks, or complications such as gallbladder inflammation or pancreatitis.
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by a gallstone blocking the gallbladder’s outlet. It can cause persistent pain, fever, nausea and tenderness in the upper abdomen.
While gallstones do not usually disappear on their own, many people with gallstones never develop symptoms and may not need treatment.
A gallbladder attack typically causes sudden pain in the upper right side of the abdomen or beneath the breastbone. The pain may spread to the back or right shoulder and can last from 30 minutes to several hours.
Take Control of Your Digestive Health Today
If you’re experiencing symptoms of gallstones, gallbladder pain, recurrent gallbladder attacks, or gallstone disease, early assessment at Clarity can help identify the cause and get you started on the right treatment plan.